Prison-Made Tattoo Machines

Some of the most popular objects in the Boggo Road Gaol Museum collection were the 1980s prisoner-made tattoo machines, or 'boob guns' as they were known in prison slang. These illegal items were not only testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of some inmates, they were also an artefact of resistance against the powers-that-be. Our tour guides had working models of these things that were always a big hit with visitors, and a BRGHS member created a display about these tattoo machines at the Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland.

Tattoo machines like this were an illegal item in prison, not only because prisoners were required to maintain the same appearance during their sentence, but also because they could be used as weapons. Another important reason for restricting their use in more recent years has been to minimise the spread of communicable diseases such as hepatitis C by sharing needles. However, this did not prevent inmates from getting tattoos, and there were over 100 tattooing items in the Boggo Road collection, including both complete and incomplete machines and components, showing that tattooing was a widespread practice within the Queensland prison system.

The components of a prison-made illegal tattoo machine (Chris Dawson)

A - Components of a prison-made tattoo machine. (C Dawson)

These machines could be cobbled together using bits and pieces found around a 1980s prison. Image A (above) shows what the components were, and the list below shows where these bits and pieces came from:

Drive rod and barrel (Pen): Issued for hobby work, etc, in cells
Needle and connecting pin (Needle or pin): Sewing needles and pins from industry workshops; Wire (later sharpened) from workshops, or paper clips issued as stationer; Diabetic needles from the prison hospital surgery; Mathematical compass, issued for hobby work; Guitar string
Frame (Toothbrush): Prison issue
Connecting pin (Matchsticks): Prison issue
Spindle (Buttons) Prison clothing
Motor (Motor): Extracted from audio cassette players or radios (allowed in cells)
Wiring (Electrical wiring): Same as above
Tattoo ink (India ink, issued for hobby work in cells; Charcoal, ground from spent matches, mixed with oil; Pen ink obtained from split tube of pen and mixed with margarine)
Binding for frame and components (Cotton thread): Prison clothing or workshops; (Adhesive tape or glue): Industry workshops

Ink was applied to the skin prior to puncturing with the needle, although sometimes a mix of ground charcoal and water was used.

Professional tattoo shops use special inks that do not irritate the skin and are unlikely to cause allergic reactions. Makeshift inks used in prison tattoos may be unsafe and damage the skin, causing permanent scarring. They can also contain dangerous chemicals.

The machine worked as shown in Image B (below).

How a prison-made illegal tattoo machine works (Chris Dawson)

B - How a prison-made tattoo machine works. (C Dawson)

The dangers...
Apart from the obvious risk that an inmate could leave prison with awful tattoos, there are serious health risks involved with prison tattoos, as sterilising the makeshift equipment is difficult or inear-impossible. Apart from basic skin infections, deadly diseases like hepatitis and HIV/AIDS can be passed from one prisoner to another when needles are re-used. The playing card in Image C is from a deck issued to prisoners, while the poster in Image D was also used in Queensland prisons.